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Preparation and Characterization of Cadmium Metal Nanoparticle-by X-Ray Study

Received: 17 July 2019     Accepted: 14 August 2019     Published: 23 October 2019
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Abstract

Crystallite size and lattice strains in cadmium (Cd) powders produced by milling have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice strain (ε) and Debye-Waller factor (B) are determined from the half-widths and integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections. In Cd the Debye-Waller factor is found to increase with the lattice strain. Cadmium powder was ball milled in an argon inert atmosphere. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The high-energy ball milling of Cd after 25 hours resulted in particle size of 21 nm. Lattice strains in Cd powder produced by milling have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice strain (ε) and Debye-Waller factor (B) are determined from the half-widths and integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections. Debye-Waller factor is found to increase with the lattice strain. From the correlation between the strain and effective Debye-Waller factors have been estimated for Cd. The variation of energy of vacancy formation as a function of lattice strain has been studied.

Published in American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12
Page(s) 37-40
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ball Milling, X-ray Diffraction, Particle Size, Lattice Strain, Debye-Waller Factor, Vacancy Formation Energy

References
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  • APA Style

    Endla Purushotham. (2019). Preparation and Characterization of Cadmium Metal Nanoparticle-by X-Ray Study. American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy, 3(2), 37-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12

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    ACS Style

    Endla Purushotham. Preparation and Characterization of Cadmium Metal Nanoparticle-by X-Ray Study. Am. J. Quantum Chem. Mol. Spectrosc. 2019, 3(2), 37-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12

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    AMA Style

    Endla Purushotham. Preparation and Characterization of Cadmium Metal Nanoparticle-by X-Ray Study. Am J Quantum Chem Mol Spectrosc. 2019;3(2):37-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12,
      author = {Endla Purushotham},
      title = {Preparation and Characterization of Cadmium Metal Nanoparticle-by X-Ray Study},
      journal = {American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {37-40},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajqcms.20190302.12},
      abstract = {Crystallite size and lattice strains in cadmium (Cd) powders produced by milling have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice strain (ε) and Debye-Waller factor (B) are determined from the half-widths and integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections. In Cd the Debye-Waller factor is found to increase with the lattice strain. Cadmium powder was ball milled in an argon inert atmosphere. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The high-energy ball milling of Cd after 25 hours resulted in particle size of 21 nm. Lattice strains in Cd powder produced by milling have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice strain (ε) and Debye-Waller factor (B) are determined from the half-widths and integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections. Debye-Waller factor is found to increase with the lattice strain. From the correlation between the strain and effective Debye-Waller factors have been estimated for Cd. The variation of energy of vacancy formation as a function of lattice strain has been studied.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Preparation and Characterization of Cadmium Metal Nanoparticle-by X-Ray Study
    AU  - Endla Purushotham
    Y1  - 2019/10/23
    PY  - 2019
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12
    T2  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
    JF  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
    JO  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
    SP  - 37
    EP  - 40
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2994-7308
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20190302.12
    AB  - Crystallite size and lattice strains in cadmium (Cd) powders produced by milling have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice strain (ε) and Debye-Waller factor (B) are determined from the half-widths and integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections. In Cd the Debye-Waller factor is found to increase with the lattice strain. Cadmium powder was ball milled in an argon inert atmosphere. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The high-energy ball milling of Cd after 25 hours resulted in particle size of 21 nm. Lattice strains in Cd powder produced by milling have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice strain (ε) and Debye-Waller factor (B) are determined from the half-widths and integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections. Debye-Waller factor is found to increase with the lattice strain. From the correlation between the strain and effective Debye-Waller factors have been estimated for Cd. The variation of energy of vacancy formation as a function of lattice strain has been studied.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Physics, S R Engineering College (Autonomous), Warangal, India

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