A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population

Anna-Maria Borissova; Jordan Vlahov; Alexander Shinkov; Lilia Dakovska; Boyana Trifonova

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15

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A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population

Anna-Maria Borissova, Jordan Vlahov, Alexander Shinkov, Lilia Dakovska, Boyana Trifonova

Published in Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 22 May 2021 Accepted: 9 June 2021 Published: 16 June 2021

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Abstract

The WHO and many other diabetes organizations recommend performing OGTT at fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 ÷ 6.9 mmol/L mmol/L, but ADA indicates a lower cut-off for this parameter - ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L mmol/L. Aim: We decided to evaluate the role of baseline glucose tolerance for the development of Diabetes or Prediabetes over time by a prospective study of the changes in glucose tolerance 5 years after the last nationwide cross-sectional study in Bulgaria. Material: The study included 204 subjects from a total of 2033 tested 5 years ago. These 204 individuals were selected among those with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 6.1 – 6.9 mmol/L (Group 1) and FPG ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L (Group 2) found during the screening in 2012. As a part of the screening in 2017, a standard OGTT was performed (WHO’1999) and HbA1c was determined. Methods: Plasma glucose was measured in all the studies by an automated glucose-oxidase analyzer (Glucose Analyzer II, Beckman Coulter, Inc). HbA1c was determined by immunoturbidimetric method after hemolysis of a whole blood sample. Results: Half of the subjects with FPG 6.1 - 6.9 mmol/L in 2012 had Diabetes during the follow up, 31% remained in the Prediabetes group and 19% had Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in 2017. Among the subjects with FPG ≥ 5.6 - 6.0 mmol/L in 2012, 24.7% had Diabetes in 2017, 34.6% - Prediabetes and 40.7% had NGT. The difference in the Diabetes prevalence between the two groups was significant – 50% vs. 24.7% (T=2.443, P < 0.02). In 5 years’time, 29.9% of the Individuals who had FPG ≥ 5.6 - 6.9 mmol/L in 2012, became Diabetics, 33.6% became Prediabetics and only 36.3% had NGT. In 57% (35/61) of the diabetics the disease was newly diagnosed and in about 2/3 of the cases it was decompensated (HbA1c ≥ 7%). During the 5-year period, Diabetes was diagnosed in 26 (42.6%) persons and 34.6% of them were in metabolic decompensation under treatment. Conclusion: The most important conclusion from our screening from 2017 is that ¼ people with FPG ≥ 5.6 – 6.0 mmol/L after a few years became diabetics, so systematic efforts should be directed towards this border group.

Published in	Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15
Page(s)	95-101
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

FPG over 6.1 mmol/L, FPG over 5.6 mmol/L, Risk of Diabetes, Risk of Prediabetes

References

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APA Style

Anna-Maria Borissova, Jordan Vlahov, Alexander Shinkov, Lilia Dakovska, Boyana Trifonova. (2021). A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population. Clinical Medicine Research, 10(3), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15

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ACS Style

Anna-Maria Borissova; Jordan Vlahov; Alexander Shinkov; Lilia Dakovska; Boyana Trifonova. A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population. Clin. Med. Res. 2021, 10(3), 95-101. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15

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AMA Style

Anna-Maria Borissova, Jordan Vlahov, Alexander Shinkov, Lilia Dakovska, Boyana Trifonova. A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population. Clin Med Res. 2021;10(3):95-101. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15

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@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15,
  author = {Anna-Maria Borissova and Jordan Vlahov and Alexander Shinkov and Lilia Dakovska and Boyana Trifonova},
  title = {A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {95-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20211003.15},
  abstract = {The WHO and many other diabetes organizations recommend performing OGTT at fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 ÷ 6.9 mmol/L mmol/L, but ADA indicates a lower cut-off for this parameter - ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L mmol/L. Aim: We decided to evaluate the role of baseline glucose tolerance for the development of Diabetes or Prediabetes over time by a prospective study of the changes in glucose tolerance 5 years after the last nationwide cross-sectional study in Bulgaria. Material: The study included 204 subjects from a total of 2033 tested 5 years ago. These 204 individuals were selected among those with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 6.1 – 6.9 mmol/L (Group 1) and FPG ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L (Group 2) found during the screening in 2012. As a part of the screening in 2017, a standard OGTT was performed (WHO’1999) and HbA1c was determined. Methods: Plasma glucose was measured in all the studies by an automated glucose-oxidase analyzer (Glucose Analyzer II, Beckman Coulter, Inc). HbA1c was determined by immunoturbidimetric method after hemolysis of a whole blood sample. Results: Half of the subjects with FPG 6.1 - 6.9 mmol/L in 2012 had Diabetes during the follow up, 31% remained in the Prediabetes group and 19% had Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in 2017. Among the subjects with FPG ≥ 5.6 - 6.0 mmol/L in 2012, 24.7% had Diabetes in 2017, 34.6% - Prediabetes and 40.7% had NGT. The difference in the Diabetes prevalence between the two groups was significant – 50% vs. 24.7% (T=2.443, P Conclusion: The most important conclusion from our screening from 2017 is that ¼ people with FPG ≥ 5.6 – 6.0 mmol/L after a few years became diabetics, so systematic efforts should be directed towards this border group.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population
AU  - Anna-Maria Borissova
AU  - Jordan Vlahov
AU  - Alexander Shinkov
AU  - Lilia Dakovska
AU  - Boyana Trifonova
Y1  - 2021/06/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15
T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9057
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15
AB  - The WHO and many other diabetes organizations recommend performing OGTT at fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 ÷ 6.9 mmol/L mmol/L, but ADA indicates a lower cut-off for this parameter - ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L mmol/L. Aim: We decided to evaluate the role of baseline glucose tolerance for the development of Diabetes or Prediabetes over time by a prospective study of the changes in glucose tolerance 5 years after the last nationwide cross-sectional study in Bulgaria. Material: The study included 204 subjects from a total of 2033 tested 5 years ago. These 204 individuals were selected among those with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 6.1 – 6.9 mmol/L (Group 1) and FPG ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L (Group 2) found during the screening in 2012. As a part of the screening in 2017, a standard OGTT was performed (WHO’1999) and HbA1c was determined. Methods: Plasma glucose was measured in all the studies by an automated glucose-oxidase analyzer (Glucose Analyzer II, Beckman Coulter, Inc). HbA1c was determined by immunoturbidimetric method after hemolysis of a whole blood sample. Results: Half of the subjects with FPG 6.1 - 6.9 mmol/L in 2012 had Diabetes during the follow up, 31% remained in the Prediabetes group and 19% had Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in 2017. Among the subjects with FPG ≥ 5.6 - 6.0 mmol/L in 2012, 24.7% had Diabetes in 2017, 34.6% - Prediabetes and 40.7% had NGT. The difference in the Diabetes prevalence between the two groups was significant – 50% vs. 24.7% (T=2.443, P Conclusion: The most important conclusion from our screening from 2017 is that ¼ people with FPG ≥ 5.6 – 6.0 mmol/L after a few years became diabetics, so systematic efforts should be directed towards this border group.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Anna-Maria Borissova

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Jordan Vlahov

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Alexander Shinkov

Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital of Endocrinology, Clinic of Thyroid and Metabolic Bone Disorders, Sofia, Bulgaria
Lilia Dakovska

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Boyana Trifonova

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria

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APA Style

Anna-Maria Borissova, Jordan Vlahov, Alexander Shinkov, Lilia Dakovska, Boyana Trifonova. (2021). A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population. Clinical Medicine Research, 10(3), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15

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ACS Style

Anna-Maria Borissova; Jordan Vlahov; Alexander Shinkov; Lilia Dakovska; Boyana Trifonova. A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population. Clin. Med. Res. 2021, 10(3), 95-101. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15

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AMA Style

Anna-Maria Borissova, Jordan Vlahov, Alexander Shinkov, Lilia Dakovska, Boyana Trifonova. A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population. Clin Med Res. 2021;10(3):95-101. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15,
  author = {Anna-Maria Borissova and Jordan Vlahov and Alexander Shinkov and Lilia Dakovska and Boyana Trifonova},
  title = {A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {95-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20211003.15},
  abstract = {The WHO and many other diabetes organizations recommend performing OGTT at fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 ÷ 6.9 mmol/L mmol/L, but ADA indicates a lower cut-off for this parameter - ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L mmol/L. Aim: We decided to evaluate the role of baseline glucose tolerance for the development of Diabetes or Prediabetes over time by a prospective study of the changes in glucose tolerance 5 years after the last nationwide cross-sectional study in Bulgaria. Material: The study included 204 subjects from a total of 2033 tested 5 years ago. These 204 individuals were selected among those with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 6.1 – 6.9 mmol/L (Group 1) and FPG ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L (Group 2) found during the screening in 2012. As a part of the screening in 2017, a standard OGTT was performed (WHO’1999) and HbA1c was determined. Methods: Plasma glucose was measured in all the studies by an automated glucose-oxidase analyzer (Glucose Analyzer II, Beckman Coulter, Inc). HbA1c was determined by immunoturbidimetric method after hemolysis of a whole blood sample. Results: Half of the subjects with FPG 6.1 - 6.9 mmol/L in 2012 had Diabetes during the follow up, 31% remained in the Prediabetes group and 19% had Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in 2017. Among the subjects with FPG ≥ 5.6 - 6.0 mmol/L in 2012, 24.7% had Diabetes in 2017, 34.6% - Prediabetes and 40.7% had NGT. The difference in the Diabetes prevalence between the two groups was significant – 50% vs. 24.7% (T=2.443, P Conclusion: The most important conclusion from our screening from 2017 is that ¼ people with FPG ≥ 5.6 – 6.0 mmol/L after a few years became diabetics, so systematic efforts should be directed towards this border group.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A 5-year Follow-up of Subjects with Fasting Plasma Glucose Above 5.6 mmol/l Found in a Screening Study of the Bulgarian Population
AU  - Anna-Maria Borissova
AU  - Jordan Vlahov
AU  - Alexander Shinkov
AU  - Lilia Dakovska
AU  - Boyana Trifonova
Y1  - 2021/06/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15
T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9057
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211003.15
AB  - The WHO and many other diabetes organizations recommend performing OGTT at fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 ÷ 6.9 mmol/L mmol/L, but ADA indicates a lower cut-off for this parameter - ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L mmol/L. Aim: We decided to evaluate the role of baseline glucose tolerance for the development of Diabetes or Prediabetes over time by a prospective study of the changes in glucose tolerance 5 years after the last nationwide cross-sectional study in Bulgaria. Material: The study included 204 subjects from a total of 2033 tested 5 years ago. These 204 individuals were selected among those with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 6.1 – 6.9 mmol/L (Group 1) and FPG ≥ 5.6 ÷ 6.0 mmol/L (Group 2) found during the screening in 2012. As a part of the screening in 2017, a standard OGTT was performed (WHO’1999) and HbA1c was determined. Methods: Plasma glucose was measured in all the studies by an automated glucose-oxidase analyzer (Glucose Analyzer II, Beckman Coulter, Inc). HbA1c was determined by immunoturbidimetric method after hemolysis of a whole blood sample. Results: Half of the subjects with FPG 6.1 - 6.9 mmol/L in 2012 had Diabetes during the follow up, 31% remained in the Prediabetes group and 19% had Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in 2017. Among the subjects with FPG ≥ 5.6 - 6.0 mmol/L in 2012, 24.7% had Diabetes in 2017, 34.6% - Prediabetes and 40.7% had NGT. The difference in the Diabetes prevalence between the two groups was significant – 50% vs. 24.7% (T=2.443, P Conclusion: The most important conclusion from our screening from 2017 is that ¼ people with FPG ≥ 5.6 – 6.0 mmol/L after a few years became diabetics, so systematic efforts should be directed towards this border group.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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